2 years | - Lower scores in cognition, language, and motor development
| Merhar, S., McAllister, J., Wedig-Stevie, K., Klein, A., Meinzen-Derr, J., Poindexter, B. (2018). Retrospective review of neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Journal of Perinatology, 38, 587-592. |
Birth-5 years | - Increased risk of hospital readmission
| Witt, C., Rudd, K., Bhatraju, P., Rivara, F., Hawes, S., Weiss, N. (2017). Neonatal abstinence syndrome and early childhood mobility and mortality in Washington state: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Perinatology, 37, 1124-1129. |
3-8 years | - More likely to be referred for disability evaluations, to meet criteria for disability, and require classroom therapies
| Fill, M., Miller, A., Wilkinson, R., Warren, M., Dunn, J., Schaffner, W., Jones, T. (2018). Educational disabilities among children born with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics, 142 (3), DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0562 |
8-9 years | - Lower national test scores of reading, writing, numeracy, spelling, grammar/punctuation
| Oei J,, Melhuish E., Uebel H,, Azzam, N., Green, C., Burns, L., Hilder, L., Bajuk, B., Abdel-Latif, M., Ward, M., Feller, J., Falconer, J., Clews, S., Eastwood, J., Li, A., Wright, I. (2017) Neonatal abstinence syndrome and high school performance. Pediatrics, 139 (2), e20162651. |
12-13 years | - National test scores lower than 10-12 year old controls
| Oei J,, Melhuish E., Uebel H,, Azzam, N., Green, C., Burns, L., Hilder, L., Bajuk, B., Abdel-Latif, M., Ward, M., Feller, J., Falconer, J., Clews, S., Eastwood, J., Li, A., Wright, I. (2017) Neonatal abstinence syndrome and high school performance. Pediatrics, 139 (2), e20162651. |